Notes

Notes and summaries to various topics.

USA Election Information

Types
⇢ General: Citizens vote for federal, state and local officials. Subtypes in order:
⇢ Presidential: (4y) President+VP on ballot.
⇢ Midterm: (2y) Federal legislature on ballot.
⇢ Municipal/off year: (odd y) When only local officials are on the ballot.
⇢ Primary: Citizens vote for candidates to office. Alternative: Caucus (where only party members vote)
⇢ Special: Citizens vote to replace a resigned/dead/removed official

Russian Political Parties

RSDLP (marx.revol.soc)
⇢ Workers
⇢ Lenin etc.
Esers, S-R (agrar.soc.dem)
⇢ Peasants, workers.
⇢ Old Narodniks, Catherine Breshkovsky, Grigory Gershuni
Trudoviks (soc.dem)
⇢ Peasants
⇢ Kerensky, Aleksei Aladin
Kadets K-D (lib.)
⇢ Intellectuals, moderate conservatives.
⇢ Pavel Miliukov
Octobrists (cons., lib.)
⇢ Gentry, businessmen
⇢ Alexander Guchkov, (cordial with Witte, Stolypin)
⇢ Split -> Left O., Zemstvo O., Right O.

Russian State Duma

1st Duma 1906
⇢ “3rd of June”
2nd Duma 1907
⇢ left, socialist, revolutionary
⇢ Dissolved by Stolypin
3rd Duma 1907-1912
⇢ conservative, liberal
4th Duma 1912-1917
⇢ reformist

Woodrow Wilson's 14 points

1-5:
Principles: Diplomacy, sea safety, trade, military strength
6-13:
Countries: Russia, Belgium, France, Italy, Austria-Hungary, Balkans, Ottoman Empire, Poland
14:
International organ

Budapest Memorandum

USA, RF, UK, Ireland will…:

  1. Respect Ukraine’s sovereignty.
  2. Refrain from using threats or force against Ukraine, (except in self defence / UN ok’ed action)
  3. Refrain from economic coercion.
  4. Seek UN Security Council action, if nuclear weapons used against Ukraine
  5. Refrain from using nuclear arms against non-nuclear armed states (except in self defence)
  6. Promise to consult if doubt arises.

EU Institutions

C E o u ( E P u r L b u a n o e i r r c p g c o l e e i a p i l a s m e a n l e a m o a r n e f U t a n n u l t i r ) o e n I n t E e u C r r e B n o n a a p t n t e r k i a a o n l n a l C E E o E x u m u C e r m r o c o i o u u p s p n t e s e c i a i a i v n o n l e n E C A u o u O r u d t o r i h p t t e e o r a o r C E n f s o u u r r o J t o p u f e d o a i f t n c h i J e U a u n r s i y t o i n c e

Lenin: Right of Nations to Self-Determination

  1. Meaning: Political independence as state.
  2. History: RSDLP program reflect that Russias unique case.
  3. Russia’s late capitalism: Finns, Swedes, Poles, Ukrainians nationalism spilling into Russia.
  4. Practical means bourgeois: Bourgeoise demand stand on “their” (undemocratic) nationalism.
  5. Liberals: Kadets afraid of secession ⇒ cultural self-determ., not their own state.
  6. Norway secession from Sweden: A bourgeoise chose monarchy. S workers fought S aristocracy. N workers saw friendship. N workers must propagandise.
  7. 2nd Int. London resolution: Marx’ ~1850 support of Polish aristocracy revolution obsolete. Now: As London res. says: “Right to self.determ. for all nations. Equal! right. By 1900: Democratic movements abound.”
  8. Marx’ and Engels’ stance: English working class suffers until Ireland free.
  9. The 1903 programme: Secession always a tenet. Polish delegates suggested §9 changes. Rejected.
  10. Conclusion: Acknowledge Russian peasants’ thoughts on nationalism to avoid liberal nationalism. Reject liquidationists.